\u015eeyh Said, 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda Palu\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f, Nak\u015fibendi gelene\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir din adam\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcrt-Zaza k\u00f6kenlidir. Babas\u0131 \u015eeyh Mahmut Fevzi, dedesi ise \u015eeyh Ali Sebti\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in e\u011fitimine bakmak gerekir. Medrese e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f; Palu, Mu\u015f, Malazgirt ve H\u0131n\u0131s\u2019ta d\u00f6nemin \u00e2limlerinden ders g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkeme ifadesinde Envar, Mehar, dilbilgisi, fiil \u00e7ekimi, mant\u0131k, anlam ve inan\u00e7 gibi dersler okudu\u011funu belirtir. Yani sadece bir tarikat \u015feyhi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir medrese e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f biridir.<\/p>\n
Bunun yan\u0131nda ticaretle de u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u0130ran\u2019a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Tarikat lideri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ticari ili\u015fkilerini ayr\u0131 bir zeminde y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel kalem m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve k\u00e2tipli\u011fini Liceli Fehmi Bilal yapmaktad\u0131r. Kaynaklarda, isyan\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 iyi bildi\u011fi ve \u015eeyh Said ile birlikte idam edilen 47 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilir. Yine hizmet\u00e7isi \u00c7erkez (Dersimli) de yarg\u0131lan\u0131r ve ceza al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Olaylar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/p>\n
1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019un Pasinler il\u00e7esinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem olur. M. Kemal b\u00f6lgeye gelir ve incelemelerde bulunur. \u00c7evre illerden heyetler onu kar\u015f\u0131lamaya gider. Mu\u015f heyetinde Binba\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m da vard\u0131r. Binba\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m, M. Kemal\u2019in yaverine bir not iletir ve i\u00e7eri al\u0131n\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, b\u00f6lgede \u201cAzad\u00ee\u201d adl\u0131 bir cemiyet kuruldu\u011funu ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler. Bu yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde Yusuf Ziya (Bitlis eski milletvekili), Musa Bey, Hesenanl\u0131 Halid Bey, Kola\u011fas\u0131 Kerem, \u015eeyh Said ve Erzurum b\u00f6lge komutan\u0131 Miralay Cibranl\u0131 Halid gibi isimlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Mustafa Kemal Ankara’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fckten bir m\u00fcddet sonra bu ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda takip ve yakalama s\u00fcreci ba\u015flar. Yusuf Ziya ve Musa Bey yakalan\u0131r. Kola\u011fas\u0131 Kerem ile Hesenanl\u0131 Halid ka\u00e7ar. Cibranl\u0131 Halid ise bir tertiple yakalanarak Bitlis\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015eeyh Said de ifade vermek \u00fczere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. H\u0131n\u0131s\u2019ta ifadesi al\u0131n\u0131r ve kendisine \u201cNisan ay\u0131nda Bitlis\u2019te mahkemeye geleceksin\u201d denir. Bu a\u015famada \u015eeyh Said, olay\u0131n ciddiyetini daha net kavrar.<\/p>\n
\u0130syana giden s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
Bu noktada Binba\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n konumu \u00f6nemlidir. Kendisi \u015eeyh Said\u2019in bacana\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Cibranl\u0131 Halid\u2019in eni\u015ftesidir. A\u015firet i\u00e7inden akrabad\u0131r ve Halid Bey\u2019in olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamlarda kendisini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilir.Cibranl\u0131 Halid ise asker\u00ee e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, a\u015firetler aras\u0131nda sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bir isimdir. 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019da kurulan Azad\u00ee cemiyetinin \u00f6nemli isimlerindendir. Bu yap\u0131; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu asker k\u00f6kenli, devlet g\u00f6revinde bulunmu\u015f ve e\u011fitimli ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan, 23 \u015fubeye kadar yay\u0131lan bir organizasyondur.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Said, ifadesinden sonra arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kayn\u0131 Cibranl\u0131 Halid\u2019in tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenince s\u00fcrecin kendi omuzlar\u0131na kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. H\u0131n\u0131s b\u00f6lgesinde toplant\u0131lar yapmaya ba\u015flar. Ard\u0131ndan Diyarbekir Piran\u2019da bulunan karde\u015fi \u015eeyh Abdurrahim Efendi\u2019nin yan\u0131na gitmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Yol boyunca k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015farak halktan destek ister. Bu hareket k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Erzurum, Van, Bitlis, \u00c7evlik (Bing\u00f6l), Harput (Elaziz) ve Diyarbekir b\u00f6lgelerine yay\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eeyh Said, her b\u00f6lgeye asker\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenilir ki\u015fileri sorumlu olarak g\u00f6revlendirir. Harput ve \u00c7evlik\u2019e \u015eeyh \u015eerif\u2019i, yan\u0131na Yado\u2019yu verir. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere o\u011flunu \u015eeyh Ali R\u0131za\u2019y\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131na karde\u015fi \u015eeyh Abdurrahim Efendi\u2019yi g\u00f6nderir. Piran\u2019da ya\u015fanan olay s\u00fcreci h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Evde bulunan asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 almak isteyen askerlerle tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fan\u0131r. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada iki taraftan da \u00f6l\u00fcmler olur. Bu olaydan sonra s\u00fcre\u00e7 geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez bir noktaya girer. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde baz\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerlerinde kontrol sa\u011flan\u0131r: Harput (Elaziz), \u00c7evlik (Bing\u00f6l), Dicle, Hani ve Hazro. Ancak bu durum uzun s\u00fcrmez. Diyarbekir\u2019deki asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 nedeniyle hareket zay\u0131flar. \u015eeyh Said, bu gidi\u015fat\u0131 g\u00f6rerek \u00e7evresindekilere \u015fu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yler: \u201cDavam\u0131zda hakl\u0131y\u0131z ama g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz yetmedi. Benimle gelmek isteyen gelsin, istemeyen evine d\u00f6nebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yakalama s\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
Bunun \u00fczerine Mu\u015f istikametine do\u011fru \u00e7ekilirler. Ama\u00e7 \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7mektir. Binba\u015f\u0131 Kas\u0131m da bu grupla birliktedir. Yol s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kas\u0131m, gruplara ayr\u0131larak ilerlemeyi \u00f6nerir. \u015eeyh Said bu \u00f6neriyi kabul eder. Ancak bu durum bir tuza\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Varto ile Mu\u015f aras\u0131ndaki bir noktada Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n adamlar\u0131 \u00f6nceden mevzilenmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015faret verilince ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eeyh Said\u2019in at\u0131 \u00fcrker. Bu esnada Kas\u0131m, \u015eeyh Said\u2019i yakalayarak teslim eder. Varto\u2019daki asker\u00ee birli\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Di\u011fer baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n ise \u0130ran\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilir.
\nMahkeme s\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
1925 y\u0131ll\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Meclis karar\u0131yla iki \u00f6zel mahkeme kurulur: Ankara ve \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri. Bu mahkemeler ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahiptir. Temyiz yolu yoktur ve kararlar h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde infaz edilir. \u015eeyh Said davas\u0131nda 422 ki\u015fiye idam cezas\u0131 verilir, bunlardan 122\u2019si infaz edilir, g\u0131yab\u0131nda olanlar sonraki d\u00f6nemde affa u\u011frar. Mahkemeler 1927 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam eder ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 5000\u2019den fazla ki\u015fi yarg\u0131lan\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde halk aras\u0131nda mahkemelere y\u00f6nelik \u015fu s\u00f6z yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r: \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n idam\u0131na, tan\u0131klar\u0131n bilahare dinlenmesine\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu olay\u0131 tek bir nedene indirgemek do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Sadece din\u00ee ya da sadece etnik demek eksik kal\u0131r. Her iki unsurun da etkili oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u0130syan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Nak\u015fibendi \u00e7evresinden gelmektedir. Hilafeti isteyen gruplar vard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Azad\u00ee gibi daha farkl\u0131 hedefleri olan yap\u0131lar da s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7indedir.
\n\u0130dam edilenlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olay\u0131n tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha net g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sadece tarikat mensuplar\u0131 de\u011fil; farkl\u0131 kimliklerden ki\u015filer de vard\u0131r. Dersim\u2019in ilk milletvekillerinden Hasan Hayri, akrabas\u0131 Mehmet Galip Efendi, bir Yezidi \u015feyhi ve Midyatl\u0131 bir Ermeni de idam edilenler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu durum, olay\u0131n sadece din\u00ee ya da sadece etnik bir hareket olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesinin yetersiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. D\u00f6nemin y\u00f6neticileri bu olay\u0131 i\u00e7erde \u201cK\u00fcrt isyan\u0131\u201d \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise \u201cdin\u00ee ayaklanma\u201d olarak anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi kendi ideolojik ekseninde bakmaktad\u0131r. Ancak tarih\u00ee olaylara tek bir pencereden bakmak yerine, farkl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 inceleyerek ve d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak de\u011ferlendirmek daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Takdir sizlerin…<\/p>\n
Fethi Elald\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u015eeyh Said, 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda Palu\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f, Nak\u015fibendi gelene\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir din adam\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcrt-Zaza k\u00f6kenlidir. Babas\u0131 \u015eeyh Mahmut Fevzi, dedesi ise \u015eeyh Ali Sebti\u2019dir. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in e\u011fitimine bakmak gerekir. Medrese e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f; Palu, Mu\u015f, Malazgirt ve H\u0131n\u0131s\u2019ta d\u00f6nemin \u00e2limlerinden ders g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkeme ifadesinde Envar, Mehar, dilbilgisi, fiil \u00e7ekimi, mant\u0131k, anlam ve inan\u00e7 gibi dersler okudu\u011funu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-duyurular"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9413"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9422,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9413\/revisions\/9422"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avruparicik.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}